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An Ambiguous Zone Connecting Interior and Exterior.
The doma is a rich, ambiguous space that is neither fully exterior nor interior. It allows for activities without removing shoes, making it versatile for tasks such as gardening, bicycle maintenance, and DIY projects. By incorporating the traditional Japanese doma concept into modern residences, the scope of daily living is expanded.
Spacious Earthen Floor Area Extending from the Entrance.
By extending the earthen floor beyond the entrance to the living room and kitchen, a dynamic spatial experience is created. This design enhances practicality by allowing bicycles and strollers to be pushed directly inside and providing a temporary storage area for shopping bags. The earthen floor becomes an integral part of the daily circulation, resulting in a flexible and functional living environment.
Flooring Materials: Mortar and Tiles.
For earthen floors, hard and durable materials such as mortar finishes, tile installations, or exposed aggregate surfaces are suitable. The atmosphere can vary significantly depending on the color and texture, so select materials that harmonize with the overall design of the residence. The choice of material ultimately defines the character of the earthen floor.
Seating Area Utilizing Level Differences.
By incorporating a level difference between the earthen floor and the interior floor, the stepped section serves as a seating area. Occupants can sit on the interior side to put on shoes or sit on the earthen floor side to enjoy views of the garden, enabling versatile usage. The level difference creates a distinct place within the space.
Compatibility with Wood-Burning Stoves.
Installing a wood-burning stove on an earthen floor allows you to leverage the floor's fire-resistant properties. Tasks such as carrying in firewood and cleaning out ashes can be performed on the earthen floor without concern for dirt or damage. The lifestyle centered around the warmth of the fire harmonizes exceptionally well with the earthen floor.
Storage for Bicycles and Motorcycles.
With a dirt floor area, bicycles and motorcycles can be stored indoors. This eliminates concerns about theft and provides protection from rain and wind. Maintenance work can also be performed on the dirt floor, allowing the space to function as an area to enjoy your hobby. The dirt floor thus serves as a garage for your prized vehicles.
Earthen Floor as a Workspace.
For activities that involve dirt and mess, such as DIY projects, pottery, and gardening, an earthen floor provides an ideal workspace. It allows for the use of water and tolerates floor soiling without concern, enabling full concentration on the task at hand. By installing workbenches and shelving, the space can also function effectively as a professional-grade atelier.
Ideal for Living with Pets.
For households with dogs, the earthen floor area allows for wiping paws after walks and storing pet supplies. This space provides a comfortable environment for pets, functioning as an intermediate zone between the interior and exterior. The earthen floor plays a significant role in harmonious living with pets.
Thermal Insulation, Airtightness, and Thermal Environment.
Since the earthen floor tends to become cold during winter, enhancing thermal insulation and airtightness improves comfort. Conversely, it also offers the benefit of feeling cooler in summer. Adjusting the thermal environment according to the seasons is key to ensuring year-round comfort.
Multipurpose functionality enabled by storage shelving.
By installing storage shelves on the walls of the earthen floor area, a variety of items such as shoes, outdoor equipment, tools, and gardening supplies can be organized efficiently. Both open shelves and those with doors can be selected according to the intended use. Enhanced storage capacity improves the functionality of the earthen floor space.
A Place for Family Gatherings.
By integrating the earthen floor area with the dining and living spaces, it becomes a lively place where the family gathers. Placing tables and chairs on the earthen floor allows for dining, children’s play, and other flexible uses. The earthen floor becomes the focal point of daily life.
Fusion of Tradition and Modernity.
The doma is a traditional Japanese space, but by integrating it with contemporary design, a new appeal emerges. Combining modern furniture and lighting creates a unique blend of Japanese and Western aesthetics. While inheriting tradition, create a doma that suits modern living.
Appropriate Size and Spaciousness Settings.
The typical bathroom size is 1 tsubo (1616 dimension), but if a more spacious bathing experience is desired or caregiving is anticipated, sizes of 1.25 tsubo or 1.5 tsubo can also be considered. Decide based on the bathtub dimensions, the size of the washing area, and potential future uses. Excessive size may reduce heat retention, so maintaining a balanced proportion is essential.
Selection of Bathtub Shapes and Materials.
Bathtubs come in various shapes, including straight bathtubs, wide bathtubs, and corner bathtubs. The appropriate shape depends on whether you wish to fully immerse yourself up to the shoulders for relaxation or prefer to enjoy a half-body bath. Materials include FRP (fiberglass reinforced plastic), cultured marble, and enamel-coated steel, each differing in thermal retention, tactile quality, and maintenance requirements. It is recommended to physically inspect and touch the materials to make an informed decision.
Window Placement and Incorporation of Views
Incorporating windows in the bathroom allows natural light to enter, creating an open and airy space. Positioning the windows to face a courtyard or a small garden enables bathing while enjoying views of greenery. However, careful consideration must be given to privacy and security concerns. Privacy can be ensured through the use of frosted or patterned glass, as well as lattice screens.
Creating a Relaxing Atmosphere through Lighting Design.
Bathroom lighting should prioritize not only brightness but also ambiance creation. In addition to ceiling downlights, incorporating indirect lighting allows for relaxation under soft illumination. With dimming and color temperature adjustment functions, one can switch between crisp light in the morning and soothing light at night.
Enhanced Ventilation and Drying Functions.
The bathroom is the area most prone to moisture accumulation. It is essential to select an exhaust fan with adequate capacity and equip it with a bathroom dryer function to suppress mold growth and accommodate indoor drying of laundry. While natural ventilation by opening windows is effective, combining it with mechanical ventilation ensures a more comfortable environment.
Selection of Wall and Floor Materials
Bathroom wall materials include tile, panels, stone, and natural wood. Tiles offer a sense of luxury and a wide variety of colors and patterns, but require maintenance of grout joints. Panels feature minimal seams and are easy to clean. For flooring, it is crucial to select materials that are slip-resistant and have good drainage to ensure safety.
Ensuring Thermal Insulation and Heat Retention.
For a comfortable bathing experience, maintaining the overall thermal insulation of the bathroom is essential. Incorporating insulation materials into the walls, ceiling, and floor of the bathroom creates a warm environment even during winter. The heat retention performance of the bathtub itself has also improved, with an increasing number of products designed to minimize heat loss. Adequate insulation performance is indispensable as a countermeasure against heat shock.
Unit Bath or Conventional Construction Method?
Unit baths are characterized by shorter construction periods, high waterproof performance, and ease of maintenance. Conventional construction methods allow for flexible design of size and shape, as well as a wider range of material options. Selection should be made considering budget, desired spatial quality, and cleaning requirements. Recently, hybrid units combining the advantages of both methods have also become available.
Consideration for Acoustic Environment.
The sound of water supply and drainage in bathrooms can resonate in adjacent rooms. To mitigate acoustic impact, it is advisable to avoid placing bathrooms next to bedrooms or to position storage spaces or closets in between. Additionally, using soundproof drainage pipes is an effective measure. Special attention is required when bathing frequently during late-night hours.
Safety and Barrier-Free Design.
Bathrooms present a high risk of falls. It is recommended to select flooring materials with slip-resistant properties and to incorporate substrates that allow for the installation of handrails. The bathtub’s threshold height can be lowered with future accessibility needs in mind. Eliminating level differences between the bathroom and the dressing room also contributes to enhanced safety.
Ease of Cleaning
Bathrooms are prone to high humidity and mold growth, making ease of cleaning a critical consideration. Selecting materials with minimal joints, applying coatings that resist dirt adherence, and designing for efficient water drainage all contribute to simplifying daily maintenance. Thorough ventilation is also fundamental to maintaining cleanliness.
A Sensory Experience for the Five Senses.
The bathroom is a space where one can relax through the five senses, including sight, touch, and smell. By incorporating elements such as an aroma diffuser, waterproof speakers for enjoying music, and adjustable lighting colors, it becomes a special environment that soothes the fatigue of daily life. Discovering your own methods of relaxation and transforming the bathroom into a comfortable retreat is also one of the pleasures of home design.
Q&A
House with a Doma|Stylish Bathrooms|Q&A
What is the practical size to allocate for a doma (earthen floor space)?
The appropriate size varies depending on its intended use, but an area of approximately 4 to 6 tatami mats allows for versatile functionality. For storage of bicycles or strollers, 2 to 3 tatami mats may suffice. Considering the family composition and lifestyle, it is advisable to design with some margin to accommodate potential future changes in use.
What materials are suitable for flooring in earthen-floored spaces (doma)?
Common materials include tamped earth (sanwado), mortar, and tiles. Mortar is relatively inexpensive and provides a clean finish but requires measures to prevent cracking. Tiles offer excellent ease of cleaning and a wide range of design options. Natural tamped earth has moisture-regulating properties but requires regular maintenance. Selection should be made according to the intended use.
How should the boundary between the earthen floor area and the living space be planned?
It is common practice to establish a clear distinction by incorporating a step or level difference. A height difference of approximately 15 to 20 centimeters helps prevent the intrusion of dust and dirt. Using sliding doors or shoji screens as partitions allows for flexible control between openness and privacy. Additionally, to maintain thermal performance, proper insulation and airtightness treatment at the boundary are crucial considerations.
What are the appropriate methods for implementing thermal insulation measures in earthen floors?
The standard practice is to install insulation materials beneath the earthen floor slab, known as slab insulation. It is essential to use airtight gaskets between the foundation and the sill plate to prevent cold air infiltration into the interior. Additionally, an appropriate ventilation strategy is necessary to address condensation issues. Designing with consideration for the overall thermal performance balance of the entire residence is crucial.
Is ventilation equipment necessary for work conducted on earthen floors?
Depending on the nature of the work, we recommend installing exhaust fans to manage odors, humidity, and dust emissions. It is effective to combine mechanical ventilation with natural ventilation. Please also consider integrating the system with a 24-hour ventilation system.
Is it possible to design with an emphasis on the connection between the earthen floor space and the garden?
By incorporating sliding doors that provide direct access from the doma to the garden and creating large openings without level differences, a seamless integration between indoor and outdoor spaces can be achieved. Techniques such as extending the eaves to form a semi-outdoor area or continuing the doma flooring material onto the outdoor terrace are also effective. This approach results in a highly attractive residence that allows for gardening activities even during rainy weather.
Which is recommended for a stylish bathroom: traditional construction methods or unit baths?
Traditional construction methods allow for the use of a wide range of materials such as natural stone and tiles, enabling highly original and customized designs. On the other hand, the latest unit baths offer a variety of high-quality materials and sophisticated designs. It is important to consider factors such as maintenance and thermal insulation performance, and to select the option that aligns with the overall concept of the residence.
What materials can be used for bathroom walls and floors to create a sense of luxury and relaxation?
Large-format porcelain tiles that replicate the texture of natural stone, or natural stone itself, with minimal grout lines, create a solid, hotel-like atmosphere. Additionally, walls made of highly water-resistant woods such as Japanese cypress (Hinoki) or Hiba add warmth and fragrance, evoking a relaxing ambiance reminiscent of a traditional hot spring inn. The tactile quality of the materials significantly influences the overall bathing experience.
I would like to install a large window in the bathroom, but I am concerned about thermal insulation and privacy.
The fundamental approach is to use high-performance insulated double glazing for the window glass. Regarding privacy, it is ideal to position the window facing an internal courtyard or light well that is not visible from outside. If this is not feasible, selecting a high-level clerestory window or a window equipped with adjustable louvers can effectively admit natural light and ventilation while obstructing external views.
What are the key strategies to balance comfort and energy efficiency in bathroom ventilation and drying functions?
Installing a bathroom ventilation, drying, and heating unit enables effective moisture control after bathing and facilitates indoor drying of laundry. Additionally, designing operable windows to utilize natural ventilation and enhancing thermal insulation performance help reduce energy consumption while maintaining a comfortable bathroom environment throughout the year.
How should one approach the color scheme planning for bathrooms?
It is recommended to prioritize a relaxing effect by selecting calm and subdued tones. Whites and light beige hues convey a sense of cleanliness, while darker colors can create a luxurious, hotel-like ambiance. It is advisable to comprehensively consider factors such as compatibility with lighting and ease of maintenance when making your decisions.
Does the choice of bathtub affect its design and comfort?
Absolutely. There are various options, such as those with sufficient depth to comfortably immerse up to the shoulders, and shapes that allow you to relax in a reclining posture. Materials also vary, including smooth artificial marble and substantial cast iron enamel. Freestanding bathtubs placed on the floor offer high design appeal and often become the focal point of the bathroom.
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