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HowTo
House with a Doma｜Stylish Gardens｜How To
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An Ambiguous Zone Connecting Interior and Exterior.
The doma is a rich, ambiguous space that is neither fully exterior nor interior. It allows for activities without removing shoes, making it versatile for tasks such as gardening, bicycle maintenance, and DIY projects. By incorporating the traditional Japanese doma concept into modern residences, the scope of daily living is expanded. -
Spacious Earthen Floor Area Extending from the Entrance.
By extending the earthen floor beyond the entrance to the living room and kitchen, a dynamic spatial experience is created. This design enhances practicality by allowing bicycles and strollers to be pushed directly inside and providing a temporary storage area for shopping bags. The earthen floor becomes an integral part of the daily circulation, resulting in a flexible and functional living environment. -
Flooring Materials: Mortar and Tiles.
For earthen floors, hard and durable materials such as mortar finishes, tile installations, or exposed aggregate surfaces are suitable. The atmosphere can vary significantly depending on the color and texture, so select materials that harmonize with the overall design of the residence. The choice of material ultimately defines the character of the earthen floor. -
Seating Area Utilizing Level Differences.
By incorporating a level difference between the earthen floor and the interior floor, the stepped section serves as a seating area. Occupants can sit on the interior side to put on shoes or sit on the earthen floor side to enjoy views of the garden, enabling versatile usage. The level difference creates a distinct place within the space. -
Compatibility with Wood-Burning Stoves.
Installing a wood-burning stove on an earthen floor allows you to leverage the floor's fire-resistant properties. Tasks such as carrying in firewood and cleaning out ashes can be performed on the earthen floor without concern for dirt or damage. The lifestyle centered around the warmth of the fire harmonizes exceptionally well with the earthen floor. -
Storage for Bicycles and Motorcycles.
With a dirt floor area, bicycles and motorcycles can be stored indoors. This eliminates concerns about theft and provides protection from rain and wind. Maintenance work can also be performed on the dirt floor, allowing the space to function as an area to enjoy your hobby. The dirt floor thus serves as a garage for your prized vehicles. -
Earthen Floor as a Workspace.
For activities that involve dirt and mess, such as DIY projects, pottery, and gardening, an earthen floor provides an ideal workspace. It allows for the use of water and tolerates floor soiling without concern, enabling full concentration on the task at hand. By installing workbenches and shelving, the space can also function effectively as a professional-grade atelier. -
Ideal for Living with Pets.
For households with dogs, the earthen floor area allows for wiping paws after walks and storing pet supplies. This space provides a comfortable environment for pets, functioning as an intermediate zone between the interior and exterior. The earthen floor plays a significant role in harmonious living with pets. -
Thermal Insulation, Airtightness, and Thermal Environment.
Since the earthen floor tends to become cold during winter, enhancing thermal insulation and airtightness improves comfort. Conversely, it also offers the benefit of feeling cooler in summer. Adjusting the thermal environment according to the seasons is key to ensuring year-round comfort. -
Multipurpose functionality enabled by storage shelving.
By installing storage shelves on the walls of the earthen floor area, a variety of items such as shoes, outdoor equipment, tools, and gardening supplies can be organized efficiently. Both open shelves and those with doors can be selected according to the intended use. Enhanced storage capacity improves the functionality of the earthen floor space. -
A Place for Family Gatherings.
By integrating the earthen floor area with the dining and living spaces, it becomes a lively place where the family gathers. Placing tables and chairs on the earthen floor allows for dining, children’s play, and other flexible uses. The earthen floor becomes the focal point of daily life. -
Fusion of Tradition and Modernity.
The doma is a traditional Japanese space, but by integrating it with contemporary design, a new appeal emerges. Combining modern furniture and lighting creates a unique blend of Japanese and Western aesthetics. While inheriting tradition, create a doma that suits modern living. -
Setting the Purpose and Concept of the Garden.
Clearly defining how the garden will be used is the starting point of the design process. The required size and facilities vary depending on the intended use, such as a home vegetable garden, a children's playground, a Japanese garden for viewing, or a terrace for BBQ. By establishing a concept that considers the family's lifestyle and potential future changes, the garden will become a space that can be cherished for a long time. -
Circulation and Usability.
Ease of access from the interior to the garden significantly influences the frequency of garden use. By arranging direct exits from the living and dining areas, the garden can be enjoyed on a daily basis. Additionally, circulation within the garden itself is crucial; consider the placement of pathways, water faucets, and storage sheds to design an efficient and user-friendly garden. -
Planting Plan and Tree Species Selection.
Selecting plants that define the garden's atmosphere requires careful consideration of the mature size of trees and the maintenance effort involved. Evergreen trees provide year-round greenery, while deciduous trees offer seasonal variation. Choosing species suited to sunlight exposure, soil conditions, and climate ensures healthy growth. The arrangement of plantings should also take into account views from interior spaces. -
Water Faucets and Irrigation Equipment.
Having water faucets in the garden is convenient for watering plants and cleaning. Choose fixtures such as freestanding faucets or wall-mounted faucets, considering both functionality and design aesthetics. Installing an automatic irrigation system can reduce the effort required for watering. In cold regions, measures to prevent freezing during winter are also necessary. -
Creating a Nighttime Garden Ambiance through Lighting Design.
Garden lighting is crucial for both security and aesthetic purposes. By combining uplights on trees, footlights along pathways, and bracket lights on terraces, the garden is beautifully illuminated at night. The nighttime view from indoors is captivating, and the outdoor experience is greatly enhanced. -
Balance Between Privacy and Openness.
By moderately shielding views from neighboring houses and the street, you can relax in the garden with peace of mind. Privacy can be secured without creating a closed-off feeling by effectively arranging hedges, fences, and plantings. It is important to consider the flow of wind and light to maintain a balance with openness. -
Selection of Paving Materials.
The choice of paving materials for approaches, terraces, and garden paths significantly influences the overall ambiance of the garden. Materials such as stone, brick, tile, gravel, and turf each impart a distinct character. It is essential to consider factors such as slip resistance and maintenance requirements when selecting materials. Combining different materials can create a dynamic and richly textured garden environment. -
Treatment of Fences and Boundaries.
The boundaries with adjacent properties are planned to clearly define legal divisions while also considering design aesthetics. Various options are available, including wooden fences, aluminum fences, hedges, and block walls. Harmonizing these elements with the building's exterior creates a cohesive unity throughout the entire site. -
Enjoying the Changes of the Four Seasons.
Japan is blessed with beautiful four seasons. Gardens that transform their appearance with each season—from spring blossoms, summer shade, autumn foliage, to winter snow scenes—enrich daily living. By thoughtfully balancing evergreen and deciduous trees and planting seasonal flowers and plants, one can enjoy the garden throughout the entire year. -
Provision of Outdoor Storage.
Having designated storage spaces for gardening tools, hoses, fertilizers, and children's outdoor play equipment used in the garden is highly convenient. Installing sheds or storage rooms, or incorporating storage beneath benches, helps maintain a tidy garden environment. Selecting aesthetically designed storage units ensures that the garden's visual appeal is preserved. -
Harmony and Unity with the Building.
By designing the garden as an extension of the building in an integrated manner, a sense of cohesion is created throughout the entire site. Selecting landscaping and paving materials that harmonize with the exterior wall colors, materials, and roof shapes achieves a cohesive and aesthetically pleasing living environment. It is also important to plan with consideration of the garden views from the interior. -
Layout Anticipating Future Growth.
Plantings grow over time. Although they may be small when first planted, they will mature significantly after 10 or 20 years. It is essential to arrange them with their eventual size in mind. Consider the distance from buildings and power lines, as well as root expansion patterns, and plan the landscaping with a long-term perspective.
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Q&A
House with a Doma｜Stylish Gardens｜Q&A
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What is the practical size to allocate for a doma (earthen floor space)?
The appropriate size varies depending on its intended use, but an area of approximately 4 to 6 tatami mats allows for versatile functionality. For storage of bicycles or strollers, 2 to 3 tatami mats may suffice. Considering the family composition and lifestyle, it is advisable to design with some margin to accommodate potential future changes in use. -
What materials are suitable for flooring in earthen-floored spaces (doma)?
Common materials include tamped earth (sanwado), mortar, and tiles. Mortar is relatively inexpensive and provides a clean finish but requires measures to prevent cracking. Tiles offer excellent ease of cleaning and a wide range of design options. Natural tamped earth has moisture-regulating properties but requires regular maintenance. Selection should be made according to the intended use. -
How should the boundary between the earthen floor area and the living space be planned?
It is common practice to establish a clear distinction by incorporating a step or level difference. A height difference of approximately 15 to 20 centimeters helps prevent the intrusion of dust and dirt. Using sliding doors or shoji screens as partitions allows for flexible control between openness and privacy. Additionally, to maintain thermal performance, proper insulation and airtightness treatment at the boundary are crucial considerations. -
What are the appropriate methods for implementing thermal insulation measures in earthen floors?
The standard practice is to install insulation materials beneath the earthen floor slab, known as slab insulation. It is essential to use airtight gaskets between the foundation and the sill plate to prevent cold air infiltration into the interior. Additionally, an appropriate ventilation strategy is necessary to address condensation issues. Designing with consideration for the overall thermal performance balance of the entire residence is crucial. -
Is ventilation equipment necessary for work conducted on earthen floors?
Depending on the nature of the work, we recommend installing exhaust fans to manage odors, humidity, and dust emissions. It is effective to combine mechanical ventilation with natural ventilation. Please also consider integrating the system with a 24-hour ventilation system. -
Is it possible to design with an emphasis on the connection between the earthen floor space and the garden?
By incorporating sliding doors that provide direct access from the doma to the garden and creating large openings without level differences, a seamless integration between indoor and outdoor spaces can be achieved. Techniques such as extending the eaves to form a semi-outdoor area or continuing the doma flooring material onto the outdoor terrace are also effective. This approach results in a highly attractive residence that allows for gardening activities even during rainy weather. -
What are the key considerations for selecting plants suitable for a garden?
We recommend considering a balance between evergreen and deciduous trees, selecting plants that maintain their beauty throughout the four seasons. For a specimen tree, choose species with elegant forms such as multi-stemmed Cornus kousa (Japanese dogwood) or Acer palmatum var. matsumurae (small-leaved maple). For ground cover, using plants like Hosta or Hedera can create a cohesive and harmonious appearance. -
What are the important considerations in garden lighting design?
It is essential to balance the beauty and safety of the garden at night. It is recommended to illuminate a feature tree with uplights and guide pathways safely with footlights. Lighting fixtures should be selected to blend seamlessly with the garden design, avoiding excessive brightness while also enhancing the beauty of shadows and contrasts. -
What are the key points for creating a garden that feels integrated with the living room?
It is important to align the floor level of the living room with the height of the garden’s wood deck or tiles. Selecting window sills with minimal thresholds further enhances this effect, allowing the interior and exterior spaces to connect seamlessly and creating a sense of openness as if the living room extends into the garden. Additionally, coordinating the style of the interior furnishings with the outdoor furniture helps to reinforce a cohesive and unified aesthetic. -
What are ideas for creating a sophisticated garden on a narrow site?
Utilizing vertical space for three-dimensional planting is recommended. Through green walls, it is possible to enjoy abundant greenery even within a limited area. Additionally, using white gravel to create a sense of spatial expansion and selecting a few carefully chosen plant species can effectively establish a refined impression. -
How should privacy screens and boundaries be created in a garden?
We recommend creating soft boundaries using natural materials such as hedges and lattice fences. Evergreen trees like Ilex pedunculosa (Soyo) provide effective screening with an appropriate density. Additionally, utilizing level differences to incorporate terraced planting or structural elements like pergolas can effectively establish three-dimensional privacy screens. -
Is it possible to create a low-maintenance garden that is easy to care for?
Yes, it is possible. By increasing the area covered with materials such as tiles or wood decking and reducing the exposed soil, the effort required for weed control can be significantly minimized. For planting, it is advisable to select primarily low-maintenance evergreen trees and drought-tolerant perennials. Additionally, the installation of an automated irrigation system can be highly effective.
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